HTML 5 canvas API详解

HTML5-Canvas (转 而备记)

皮贝贝 posted @ 2009年12月27日 09:28 in html5 with tags html5 canvas , 3234 阅读

转自: http://adamlu.com/?p=157

HTML5-Canvas

<canvas>是html5当中的一个标签,通过Javascript来画图。

 

<canvas id=”canvas” width=”150″ height=”150″></canvas>

<script>

var canvas = document.getElementById(”canvas”);

var ctx = canvas.getContext(”2d”);

ctx.fillStyle = “rgb(0,0,200)”;

ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 50, 50);

</script>

 

 

画图形


这是canvas的网格,刚才的图形,x=10,y=10, width=150, height=150

不像svg, canvas仅支持一种图形-矩形,所有其它复杂的图形都是通过一些函数来组成的。

画矩形

fillRect(x,y,width,height) : 画一个填充的矩形
strokeRect(x,y,width,height) : 为一个矩形描边
clearRect(x,y,width,height) : 清楚一个矩形的一部分并且设为透明

rect(x, y, width, height)
直接画矩形,当调用rect方法时moveTo会直接定位到(0,0)位置

画路径

beginPath() 创建路径的第一步是调用beginPath方法,返回一个存储路径的信息
closePath() 从当前的点到起始点闭合路径
stroke()描边路径
fill()填充路径
lineTo(x, y) 从上一个起点到(x,y)的点画线,上一个起点可以通过moveTo来指定,默认为原先路径的终点

 

ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(75,50);
ctx.lineTo(100,75);
ctx.lineTo(100,25);
ctx.fill();

 

 

画弧线

arc(x, y, radius, startAngle, endAngle, anticlockwise)
(x,y)是圆弧的圆心,radius-半径, startAngle和endAngle是圆弧的开始和结束弧度(radians = (Math.PI/180)*degree),anticlockwise为true的话是逆时针,否则为顺时针

二次方曲线以及贝塞尔曲线

quadraticCurveTo(cp1x, cp1y, x, y)
bezierCurveTo(cp1x, cp1y, cp2x, cp2y, x, y)
(cp1x, cp1y),(cp2x,cp2y)是曲线的控制点(红点),(x,y)是曲线的终点

使用图像

drawImage(image, x, y)image-图像对象

 

function draw() {
	var ctx = document.getElementById(’canvas’).getContext(’2d’);
	var img = new Image();
	img.onload = function(){
		ctx.drawImage(img,0,0);
		ctx.beginPath();
		ctx.moveTo(30,96);
		ctx.lineTo(70,66);
		ctx.lineTo(103,76);
		ctx.lineTo(170,15);
		ctx.stroke();
	}
	img.src = ‘images/backdrop.png’;
}


 

drawImage(image, x, y, width, height)width和height是目标canvas上图像的宽高
drawImage(image, sx, sy, sWidth, sHeight, dx, dy, dWidth, dHeight)


image参数与前面一样,后面的四个参数是截取的参数,再后面的四个参数是目标canvas图像的位置以及宽高

应用样式和颜色

fillStyle = color 设置填充色
strokeStyle = color 设置描边色
color可以是css颜色值,一个渐变对象或一个模式对象

线条样式
lineWidth = value 线条宽度

lineCap = type 线条的端点类型可以是butt(默认),round和square

lineJoin = type 连接线的类型:round,bevel和miter(默认)

miterLimit = value 当设置miter时的选项

渐变

通过下面两个方法创建一个canvasGradient对象, 就可以把这个对象应用于fillStyle和strokeStyle属性了

createLinearGradient(x1,y1,x2,y2) (x1,y1)到(x2,y2)的渐变
createRadialGradient(x1,y1,r1,x2,y2,r2) (x1,y1,r1)的圆到(x2,y2,r2)的圆

addColorStop(position, color) 为canvasGradient对象添加颜色,position-[0,1]区间的值,代表添加颜色的位置,color-添加的颜色(如#fff, rgba(0,0,0,1)等)

模式

createPattern(image,type) image-Image对象,type:repeat,repeat-x, repeat-y, no-repeat 可以讲其应用与fillStyle或strokeStyle属性

阴影

shadowOffsetX = float 阴影x偏移
shadowOffsetY = float 阴影y偏移
shadowBlur = float 模糊度
shadowColor = color 阴影颜色

 

ctx.shadowOffsetX = 2;
ctx.shadowOffsetY = 2;
ctx.shadowBlur = 2;
ctx.shadowColor = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5)";
ctx.font = "20px Times New Roman";
ctx.fillStyle = "Black";
ctx.fillText("Sample String", 5, 30);

 

变换

保存和恢复
save() Cavas状态被存储在栈中,当调用save,当前的画图状态将被保存的栈中
restore() 调用restore最后一次存储的状态会被恢复
转移
translate(x, y) 移动canvas坐标

旋转
rotate(angle) angle是旋转的角度,旋转的中心是canvas坐标原点,可以通过translate来移动canvas的坐标

缩放
scale(x, y) x是水平方向的缩放因子,y是垂直方向的缩放因子,必须都为正数
变换
transform(m11, m12, m21, m22, dx, dy)
setTransform(m11, m12, m21, m22, dx, dy)

组合

globalCompositeOperation = type 设置不同形状的组合类型
type:(方的图形是已经存在的canvas内容,圆的图形是新的形状)
source-over(默认) - 在canvas内容上面画新的形状

destination-over

source-in

destination-in

source-out

destination-out

source-atop

destination-atop

lighter

darker

xor

copy


剪切路径

clip()

基本动画

基本的动画步骤:
1.清除canvas - clearRect
2.保存canvas状态 - save
3.画要做动画的形状
4.恢复canvas状态 - 如果你已经保存了状态,在画新的帧之前回复它
控制动画
setInterval(animateShape,500);
setTimeout(animateShape,500);
 
var img = new Image();
//User Variables
img.src = 'Capitan_Meadows,_Yosemite_National_Park.jpg';
var CanvasXSize = 800;
var CanvasYSize = 200;
var speed = 30; //lower is faster
var scale = 1.05;
var y = -4.5; //vertical offset
//End User Variables

var dx = 0.75;
var imgW = img.width*scale;
var imgH = img.height*scale;
var x = 0;
if (imgW > CanvasXSize) { x = CanvasXSize-imgW; } // image larger than canvas
var clearX
var clearY
if (imgW > CanvasXSize) { clearX = imgW; } // image larger than canvas
else { clearX = CanvasXSize; }
if (imgH > CanvasYSize) { clearY = imgH; } // image larger than canvas
else { clearY = CanvasYSize; }
var ctx;

function init() {
    //Get Canvas Element
    ctx = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext('2d');
    //Set Refresh Rate
    return setInterval(draw, speed);
}

function draw() {
    //Clear Canvas
    ctx.clearRect(0,0,clearX,clearY);
    //If image is <= Canvas Size
    if (imgW <= CanvasXSize) {
        //reset, start from beginning
        if (x > (CanvasXSize)) { x = 0; }
        //draw aditional image
        if (x > (CanvasXSize-imgW)) { ctx.drawImage(img,x-CanvasXSize+1,y,imgW,imgH); }
    }
    //If image is > Canvas Size
    else {
        //reset, start from beginning
        if (x > (CanvasXSize)) { x = CanvasXSize-imgW; }
        //draw aditional image
        if (x > (CanvasXSize-imgW)) { ctx.drawImage(img,x-imgW+1,y,imgW,imgH); }
    }
    //draw image
    ctx.drawImage(img,x,y,imgW,imgH);
    //amount to move
    x += dx;
}
<body onload="init();">
<canvas id="canvas" width="800" height="200"></canvas>
 

Avatar_small
diop 说:
2011年6月22日 11:52

不错啊 我的网站http://www.htmlcssjs.info
不知道可以与你交换下链接吗

Avatar_small
boardmodelpaper.com 说:
2024年1月22日 15:18

The Board model paper" typically refers to a sample or model question paper that is designed by educational boards or institutions for various exams. These papers serve as practice material for students preparing for exams, providing them with an idea of the question format, difficulty level, and the type of content that may be covered in the actual examination. boardmodelpaper.com Model papers are usually created for specific subjects or courses. They cover a range of topics and chapters that students are expected to have studied during the academic term. Students often use these educational board model papers as an integral part of their exam preparation strategy, helping them familiarize themselves with the exam pattern and refine their understanding of the subject matter.


登录 *


loading captcha image...
(输入验证码)
or Ctrl+Enter